A Study Comparing Serological And Molecular Methods For Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis

Abstract

Hepatitis B, a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), is a major global health problem with a high risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer. India has 10-15% of the world's HBV carriers, with an estimated 40 million carriers. About 15-25% of HBsAg carriers are likely to suffer from cirrhosis and liver cancer and may die prematurely. HBV belongs to the hepadnavirideae family and consists of partially double-stranded, relaxed-circular DNA (RC-DNA). Laboratory diagnosis is based on serological and virological markers. HBsAg can be detected in the serum 30 to 60 days after exposure and persists for variable periods. Molecular methods are mainly used to detect nucleic acids. In a study, 2 patients were tested positive for HBsAg by Meriscreen HBsAg card test and 4 were tested positive for HBV DNA by PCR. The most common age group affected was 21-30 years, with 75% of HBsAg positives being males. Vaccination plays a major role in controlling infection rates, and early detection and treatment can decrease morbidity and mortality. Both serology and molecular methods can be used to detect HBV infection.